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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2005, p. 3752-3762, Vol. 25, No. 9
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.9.3752-3762.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cyclins D2 and D1 Are Essential for Postnatal Pancreatic ß-Cell Growth

Jake A. Kushner,1,2* Maria A. Ciemerych,3,{dagger} Ewa Sicinska,3 Lynn M. Wartschow,1 Monica Teta,2 Simon Y. Long,2 Piotr Sicinski,3 and Morris F. White1

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,2 Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021153

Received 18 November 2004/ Returned for modification 28 December 2004/ Accepted 31 January 2005

Regulation of adult ß-cell mass in pancreatic islets is essential to preserve sufficient insulin secretion in order to appropriately regulate glucose homeostasis. In many tissues mitogens influence development by stimulating D-type cyclins (D1, D2, or D3) and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 or CDK6), which results in progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here we show that cyclins D2 and D1 are essential for normal postnatal islet growth. In adult murine islets basal cyclin D2 mRNA expression was easily detected, while cyclin D1 was expressed at lower levels and cyclin D3 was nearly undetectable. Prenatal islet development occurred normally in cyclin D2–/– or cyclin D1+/– D2–/– mice. However, ß-cell proliferation, adult mass, and glucose tolerance were decreased in adult cyclin D2–/– mice, causing glucose intolerance that progressed to diabetes by 12 months of age. Although cyclin D1+/– mice never developed diabetes, life-threatening diabetes developed in 3-month-old cyclin D1–/+ D2–/– mice as ß-cell mass decreased after birth. Thus, cyclins D2 and D1 were essential for ß-cell expansion in adult mice. Strategies to tightly regulate D-type cyclin activity in ß cells could prevent or cure diabetes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (267) 426-5717. Fax: (215) 590-1605. E-mail: kushnerj{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2005, p. 3752-3762, Vol. 25, No. 9
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.9.3752-3762.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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