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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2007, p. 4737-4744, Vol. 27, No. 13
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00123-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of Geminin Functions by Cell Cycle-Dependent Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Shuttling{triangledown}

Lingfei Luo,1* Yvonne Uerlings,1 Nicole Happel,2 Naisana S. Asli,1 Hendrik Knoetgen,1 and Michael Kessel1

Research Group Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,1 Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany2

Received 19 January 2007/ Returned for modification 27 February 2007/ Accepted 18 April 2007

The geminin protein functions both as a DNA rereplication inhibitor through association with Cdt1 and as a repressor of Hox gene transcription through the polycomb pathway. Here, we report that the functions of avian geminin are coordinated with and regulated by cell cycle-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. In S phase, geminin enters nuclei and inhibits both loading of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex onto chromatin and Hox gene transcription. At the end of mitosis, geminin is exported from nuclei by the exportin protein Crm1 and is unavailable in the nucleus during the next G1 phase, thus ensuring proper chromatin loading of the MCM complex and Hox gene transcription. This mechanism for regulating the functions of geminin adds to distinct mechanisms, such as protein degradation and ubiquitination, applied in other vertebrates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Phone: 49-551-2011752. Fax: 49-551-2011504. E-mail: lluo{at}gwdg.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 April 2007.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2007, p. 4737-4744, Vol. 27, No. 13
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00123-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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