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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2008, p. 6632-6645, Vol. 28, No. 21
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/MCB.00697-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
B Activity at the Promoters of Target Genes
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Departments of Cell Biology,1 Pathology,2 Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-00053
Received 29 April 2008/ Returned for modification 7 July 2008/ Accepted 28 August 2008
The NF-
B family mediates immune and inflammatory responses. In many cancers, NF-
B is constitutively activated and induces the expression of genes that facilitate tumorigenesis. ING4 is a tumor suppressor that is absent or mutated in several cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that in human gliomas, NF-
B is constitutively activated, ING4 expression is negligible, and NF-
B-regulated gene expression is elevated. We demonstrate that an ING4 and NF-
B interaction exists but does not prevent NF-
B activation, nuclear translocation, or DNA binding. Instead, ING4 and NF-
B bind simultaneously at NF-
B-regulated promoters, and this binding correlates with reductions in p65 phosphorylation, p300, and the levels of acetylated histones and H3-Me3K4, while enhancing the levels of HDAC-1 at these promoters. Using a knockdown approach, we correlate reductions in ING4 protein levels with increased basal and inducible NF-
B target gene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that ING4 may specifically regulate the activity of NF-
B molecules that are bound to target gene promoters.
Published ahead of print on 8 September 2008.
Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.
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