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MinireviewWhen Long Noncoding Becomes Protein CodingRecent advancements in genetic and proteomic technologies have revealed that more of the genome encodes proteins than originally thought possible. Specifically, some putative long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been misannotated as noncoding. Numerous lncRNAs have been found to contain short open reading frames (sORFs) which have been overlooked because of their small size. Many of these sORFs encode small proteins or micropeptides with...
Research ArticleAge-Dependent Ribosomal DNA Variations in MiceThe rRNA gene, which consists of tandem repetitive arrays (ribosomal DNA [rDNA] repeat), is one of the most unstable regions in the genome. The rDNA repeat in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to become unstable as the cell ages. However, it is unclear how the rDNA repeat changes in aging mammalian cells. Using quantitative single-cell analyses, we...
![Mutations Outside the Ure2 Amyloid-Forming Region Disrupt [URE3] Prion Propagation and Alter Interactions with Protein Quality Control Factors](https://mcb.asm.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/externals/065599c3b9e16faf8002ef62684ff066.jpg?itok=h53vhmwL)
Research ArticleMutations Outside the Ure2 Amyloid-Forming Region Disrupt [URE3] Prion Propagation and Alter Interactions with Protein Quality Control FactorsThe yeast prion [URE3] propagates as a misfolded amyloid form of the Ure2 protein. Propagation of amyloid-based yeast prions requires protein quality control (PQC) factors, and altering PQC abundance or activity can cure cells of prions. Yeast antiprion systems composed of PQC factors act at normal abundance to restrict establishment of the majority of prion variants that arise de novo. While these systems are well described,...
MinireviewTranscriptional and Epigenomic Regulation of AdipogenesisUnderstanding adipogenesis, the process of adipocyte development, may provide new ways to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases. Adipogenesis is controlled by coordinated actions of lineage-determining transcription factors and epigenomic regulators.
Research Article | SpotlightNrf2 Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in App Knock-In Alzheimer’s Disease Model MiceNrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor 2) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative stresses. To clarify whether Nrf2 prevents Alzheimer’s disease (AD), AD model AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in (AppNLGF) mice were studied in combination with genetic Nrf2 induction model Keap1FA/FA mice. While AppNLGF mice displayed shorter latency to...
Research ArticleOmomyc Reveals New Mechanisms To Inhibit the MYC OncogeneThe MYC oncogene is upregulated in human cancers by translocation, amplification, and mutation of cellular pathways that regulate Myc. Myc/Max heterodimers bind to E box sequences in the promoter regions of genes and activate transcription.
MinireviewLysine Demethylase KDM6A in Differentiation, Development, and CancerLysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A), also known as UTX, belongs to the KDM6 family of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylases, which also includes UTY and KDM6B (JMJD3). The KDM6A protein contains six tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains and an enzymatic Jumonji C (JmjC) domain that catalyzes the removal of di- and trimethylation on H3K27. KDM6A physically associates with histone H3 lysine 4 monomethyltransferases MLL3 (KMT2C) and MLL4 (...
Research ArticleSRSF1 and PTBP1 Are trans-Acting Factors That Suppress the Formation of a CD33 Splicing Isoform Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease Risk...A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 2 of the CD33 gene is associated with reduced susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and causal for elevated mRNA lacking exon 2. In contrast to full-length CD33, transcripts lacking exon 2 result in CD33 protein unable to suppress activation responses in myeloid cells, including microglia. Currently, little is known about the regulation of CD33 exon 2 splicing.
Research Article | SpotlightTranscriptome-Wide Comparison of Stress Granules and P-Bodies Reveals that Translation Plays a Major Role in RNA PartitioningThe eukaryotic cytosol contains multiple RNP granules, including P-bodies and stress granules. Three different methods have been used to describe the transcriptome of stress granules or P-bodies, but how these methods compare and how RNA partitioning occurs between P-bodies and stress granules have not been addressed. Here, we compare the analysis of the stress granule transcriptome based on differential centrifugation with and without...
Research ArticleCdc48/VCP and Endocytosis Regulate TDP-43 and FUS Toxicity and TurnoverAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) are aggregation-prone RNA-binding proteins that in ALS can mislocalize to the cytoplasm of affected motor neuron cells, often forming cytoplasmic aggregates in the process. Such mislocalization and aggregation are implicated in ALS pathology, though the mechanism(s) of TDP-43 and FUS...