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CELL AND ORGANELLE STRUCTURE AND ASSEMBLY

The Arginine-Rich Domains Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat and Rev Function as Direct Importin β-Dependent Nuclear Localization Signals

Ray Truant, Bryan R. Cullen
Ray Truant
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Bryan R. Cullen
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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DOI: 10.1128/MCB.19.2.1210
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ABSTRACT

Protein nuclear import is generally mediated by basic nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that serve as targets for the importin α (Imp α) NLS receptor. Imp α is in turn bound by importin β (Imp β), which targets the resultant protein complex to the nucleus. Here, we report that the arginine-rich NLS sequences present in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev fail to interact with Imp α and instead bind directly to Imp β. Using in vitro nuclear import assays, we demonstrate that Imp α is entirely dispensable for Tat and Rev nuclear import. In contrast, Imp β proved both sufficient and necessary, in that other β-like import factors, such as transportin, were unable to support Tat or Rev nuclear import. Using in vitro competition assays, it was demonstrated that the target sites on Imp β for Imp α, Tat, and Rev binding either are identical or at least overlap. The interaction of Tat and Rev with Imp β is also similar to Imp α binding in that it is inhibited by RanGTP but not RanGDP, a finding that may in part explain why the interaction of the Rev nuclear RNA export factor with target RNA species is efficient in the cell nucleus yet is released in the cytoplasm. Together, these studies define a novel class of arginine-rich NLS sequences that are direct targets for Imp β and that therefore function independently of Imp α.

  • Copyright © 1999 American Society for Microbiology
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The Arginine-Rich Domains Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat and Rev Function as Direct Importin β-Dependent Nuclear Localization Signals
Ray Truant, Bryan R. Cullen
Molecular and Cellular Biology Feb 1999, 19 (2) 1210-1217; DOI: 10.1128/MCB.19.2.1210

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The Arginine-Rich Domains Present in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat and Rev Function as Direct Importin β-Dependent Nuclear Localization Signals
Ray Truant, Bryan R. Cullen
Molecular and Cellular Biology Feb 1999, 19 (2) 1210-1217; DOI: 10.1128/MCB.19.2.1210
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KEYWORDS

Gene Products, rev
Gene Products, tat
HIV-1
Nuclear Proteins

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