mitochondria
Research Article | SpotlightDetermining the Bioenergetic Capacity for Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Mammalian Nervous SystemThe metabolic state of the brain can greatly impact neurologic function. Evidence of this includes the therapeutic benefit of a ketogenic diet in neurologic diseases, including epilepsy. However, brain lipid bioenergetics remain largely uncharacterized. The existence, capacity, and relevance of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in the brain are highly controversial, with few genetic tools available to evaluate the question. We...
Research ArticleAnabolic SIRT4 Exerts Retrograde Control over TORC1 Signaling by Glutamine Sparing in the MitochondriaAnabolic and catabolic signaling mediated via mTOR and AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) have to be intrinsically coupled to mitochondrial functions for maintaining homeostasis and mitigate cellular/organismal stress. Although glutamine is known to activate mTOR, whether and how differential mitochondrial utilization of glutamine impinges on mTOR signaling has been less explored.
Research ArticlePeroxiredoxin 5 Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death through the Regulation of Calcineurin-Dependent Mitochondrial Dynamics in HT22 Cells...Glutamate is an essential neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). However, high glutamate concentrations can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. A hallmark of glutamate toxicity is high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger Ca2+ influx and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) is a well-known cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzyme.
Research Article | SpotlightThe Role of Metabolic Flexibility in the Regulation of the DNA Damage Response by Nitric OxideIn this report, we show that nitric oxide suppresses DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in the pancreatic β-cell line INS 832/13 and rat islets by inhibiting intermediary metabolism. Nitric oxide is known to inhibit complex IV of the electron transport chain and aconitase of the Krebs cycle.
Research ArticleMyc Regulation of a Mitochondrial Trafficking Network Mediates Tumor Cell Invasion and MetastasisThe Myc gene is a universal oncogene that promotes aggressive cancer, but its role in metastasis has remained elusive. Here, we show that Myc transcriptionally controls a gene network of subcellular mitochondrial trafficking that includes the atypical mitochondrial GTPases RHOT1 and RHOT2, the adapter protein TRAK2, the anterograde motor Kif5B, and an effector of mitochondrial fission, Drp1.
Research ArticleIron Supply via NCOA4-Mediated Ferritin Degradation Maintains Mitochondrial FunctionsIron is an essential nutrient for mitochondrial metabolic processes, including mitochondrial respiration. Ferritin complexes store excess iron and protect cells from iron toxicity. Therefore, iron stored in the ferritin complex might be utilized under iron-depleted conditions.
Research ArticleInner Mitochondrial Translocase Tim50 Is Central in Adrenal and Testicular Steroid SynthesisAdrenal and gonadal mitochondrial metabolic activity requires electrons from cofactors, cholesterol, and a substrate for rapid steroid synthesis, an essential requirement for mammalian survival. Substrate activity depends on its environment, which is regulated by chaperones and mitochondrial translocases.
Research ArticleLONP1 Is Required for Maturation of a Subset of Mitochondrial Proteins, and Its Loss Elicits an Integrated Stress ResponseLONP1, an AAA+ mitochondrial protease, is implicated in protein quality control, but its precise role in this process remains poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of human LONP1 in mitochondrial proteostasis and gene expression.