transcription
Research Article | SpotlightInflammation Triggers Liver X Receptor-Dependent LipogenesisImmune cell function can be modulated by changes in lipid metabolism. Our studies indicate that cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis increases in macrophages between 12 and 18 h after the activation of Toll-like receptors with proinflammatory stimuli and that the upregulation of lipogenesis may contribute to the resolution of inflammation.
Research ArticleZFP281 Recruits MYC to Active Promoters in Regulating Transcriptional Initiation and ElongationThe roles of the MYC transcription factor in transcriptional regulation have been studied intensively. However, the general mechanism underlying the recruitment of MYC to chromatin is less clear. Here, we found that the Krüppel-like transcription factor ZFP281 plays important roles in recruiting MYC to active promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Research ArticleOmomyc Reveals New Mechanisms To Inhibit the MYC OncogeneThe MYC oncogene is upregulated in human cancers by translocation, amplification, and mutation of cellular pathways that regulate Myc. Myc/Max heterodimers bind to E box sequences in the promoter regions of genes and activate transcription.
Research ArticleDistinct Functions of the Cap-Binding Complex in Stimulation of Nuclear mRNA ExportCap-binding complex (CBC) associates cotranscriptionally with the cap structure at the 5′ end of nascent mRNA to protect it from exonucleolytic degradation. Here, we show that CBC promotes the targeting of an mRNA export adaptor, Yra1 (forming transcription export [TREX] complex with THO and Sub2), to the active genes and enhances mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae...
Research ArticleCSB-Dependent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 Degradation and RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation during Transcription-Coupled RepairDNA lesions block cellular processes such as transcription, inducing apoptosis, tissue failures, and premature aging. To counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage, cells are equipped with various DNA repair pathways.
Research ArticleCommon and Differential Transcriptional Actions of Nuclear Receptors Liver X Receptors α and β in MacrophagesThe liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) are oxysterol-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression that is important for cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. In addition to their roles in lipid metabolism, LXRs participate in the transcriptional regulation of macrophage activation and are considered potent regulators of inflammation.
Research ArticleExpression of the Alternative Oxidase Influences Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling and Cell MigrationDownregulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling inhibits cell migration in diverse model systems. In Drosophila pupal development, attenuated JNK signaling in the thoracic dorsal epithelium leads to defective midline closure, resulting in cleft thorax.
Research ArticleThe C9ORF72 Gene, Implicated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia, Encodes a Protein That Functions in Control of Endothelin and Glutamate SignalingA GGGGCC repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 (C9) gene is the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for its toxicity, including the possibility that reduced C9 protein levels contribute to disease.
- Research Article | SpotlightIdentification of a Novel Enhancer/Chromatin Opening Element Associated with High-Level γ-Globin Gene Expression
The organization of the five β-type globin genes on chromosome 11 reflects the timing of expression during erythroid cell development, with the embryonic ε-globin gene being located at the 5′ end, followed by the two fetal γ-globin genes, and with the adult β- and δ-globin genes being located at the 3′ end. Here, we functionally characterized a DNase I-hypersensitive site (HS) located 4 kb upstream of the Gγ-globin gene (HBG-4kb HS)....
- Research ArticleHeat Shock Causes a Reversible Increase in RNA Polymerase II Occupancy Downstream of mRNA Genes, Consistent with a Global Loss in Transcriptional Termination
Cellular transcriptional programs are tightly controlled but can profoundly change in response to environmental challenges or stress. Here we describe global changes in mammalian RNA polymerase II (Pol II) occupancy at mRNA genes in response to heat shock and after recovery from the stress.