transcription
Research ArticleCSB-Dependent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 Degradation and RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation during Transcription-Coupled RepairDNA lesions block cellular processes such as transcription, inducing apoptosis, tissue failures, and premature aging. To counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage, cells are equipped with various DNA repair pathways.
Research ArticleCommon and Differential Transcriptional Actions of Nuclear Receptors Liver X Receptors α and β in MacrophagesThe liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) are oxysterol-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression that is important for cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. In addition to their roles in lipid metabolism, LXRs participate in the transcriptional regulation of macrophage activation and are considered potent regulators of inflammation.
Research ArticleExpression of the Alternative Oxidase Influences Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling and Cell MigrationDownregulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling inhibits cell migration in diverse model systems. In Drosophila pupal development, attenuated JNK signaling in the thoracic dorsal epithelium leads to defective midline closure, resulting in cleft thorax.
Research ArticleThe C9ORF72 Gene, Implicated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia, Encodes a Protein That Functions in Control of Endothelin and Glutamate SignalingA GGGGCC repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 (C9) gene is the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for its toxicity, including the possibility that reduced C9 protein levels contribute to disease.
- Research Article | SpotlightIdentification of a Novel Enhancer/Chromatin Opening Element Associated with High-Level γ-Globin Gene Expression
The organization of the five β-type globin genes on chromosome 11 reflects the timing of expression during erythroid cell development, with the embryonic ε-globin gene being located at the 5′ end, followed by the two fetal γ-globin genes, and with the adult β- and δ-globin genes being located at the 3′ end. Here, we functionally characterized a DNase I-hypersensitive site (HS) located 4 kb upstream of the Gγ-globin gene (HBG-4kb HS)....
- Research ArticleHeat Shock Causes a Reversible Increase in RNA Polymerase II Occupancy Downstream of mRNA Genes, Consistent with a Global Loss in Transcriptional Termination
Cellular transcriptional programs are tightly controlled but can profoundly change in response to environmental challenges or stress. Here we describe global changes in mammalian RNA polymerase II (Pol II) occupancy at mRNA genes in response to heat shock and after recovery from the stress.
- Research ArticleTOR Facilitates the Targeting of the 19S Proteasome Subcomplex To Enhance Transcription Complex Assembly at the Promoters of the Ribosomal Protein Genes
TOR (target of rapamycin) has been previously implicated in transcriptional stimulation of the ribosomal protein (RP) genes via enhanced recruitment of NuA4 (nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) to the promoters. However, it is not clearly understood how TOR enhances NuA4 recruitment to the promoters of the RP genes.